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As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and family groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26
Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
Within China, termite species are limited to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.
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As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.
Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1.
Most worker and soldier termites are blind as they do not have a set of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The learn the facts here now alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.
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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. By way of example, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the semen is either immotile or aflagellate.
Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly similar to this in female cockroaches.48.
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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker my blog legs.
The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is hop over to these guys to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.
Caste method of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Infection F Worker
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Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.